This is a good example of what can be achieved without a telescope. All that is required to take a photo of the milkyway is a simple tripod and a camera.
I took this photo during my stay at Schwarzsee, Switzerland. This night actually had a full moon, which was still rising and hiding behind the mountains and is not optimal (due to ligh pollution caused by the moon).
The milkyway in this photo was captured using 55x 15s sub-exposures, totalling over 13 minutes of total exposure time. These photos are then stacked together using a software, to combine the exposure time of the individual photos, this brings out a lot of detail and reveals faint areas in the milkyway. The foreground was exposed separately and then combined with the finished photo of the milkyway.